The invention addresses one of the most pressing challenges in robotics and mobility systems: reliable and cost-effective obstacle detection. Traditional systems often rely on a single sensor technology, limiting adaptability in varying conditions. By fusing ultrasonic sensing for medium-to-long range detection with infrared sensing for robust short-range detection, this project demonstrates a more resilient and synergistic approach to navigation. The system operates intelligently by interpreting sensor data, adjusting vehicle speed, and making directional decisions in real time, ensuring safer and smoother operation indoors.

Beyond its technical functionality, the invention highlights energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Powered by a compact source, the prototype is lightweight, requires minimal power, and uses affordable components, making it suitable for educational environments, robotic research, and scalable applications in smart infrastructure. The invention contributes to sustainable mobility solutions and provides an accessible learning platform for students and engineers.

Invention Technical Description

The architecture of the system is built using Arduino ATMEGA 2560, which acts as the central processing unit. Two types of sensors are integrated into the vehicle:
- Ultrasonic sensors are used on all four sides (front, back, left, and right) to measure obstacle distances in centimeters, offering medium-to-long range detection.
- Infrared sensors are positioned on the front & back to confirm short-range obstacles and assist in path-planning decisions.

The decision-making process is designed as a dynamic flow:
- If the front ultrasonic sensor detects more than 50 cm, the car moves forward at full speed.
- If the obstacle distance narrows to 50–40 cm, the vehicle reduces speed to 75%, at 40–30 cm it reduces to 50%, and at 30–20 cm it slows further to 25%.
- Below 20 cm, the vehicle nearly halts, and if less than 15 cm, it fully stops and checks left and right paths.
- Side ultrasonic sensors determine the next move: if both sides are clear, the car selects the longer range; if only one side is clear, it turns accordingly; if both are blocked, the system engages the rear ultrasonic and IR sensors, reverses, and rotates 180° to resume detection.
This layered control ensures that the vehicle can adapt to varying distances, gradually adjusting speed, and making safe, logical turning decisions. The L9110S motor driver module translates these control signals into precise motor actions for seamless motion.

Demostration/ Presentation Video

Poster/ Broucher/ Invention Photo